Fair Use & Manuscript Review


Fair Use & Content Review


Four Factors of Fair Use

So, What Exactly is Fair Use?


Understanding whether a phrase, image, or idea falls under fair use can often be more complicated than you'd think. Gryphon Publishing Consulting offers extensive experience in fair use and permissions, a key expertise for authors and publishers doing the proper due diligence prior to book publishing. With that said, there are 4 definitive factors that define fair use:

  • The Purpose and Character of the Use
  • Amount and Substantiality of the Portion Used in Relation to the Whole 
  • The Nature of the Copyrighted work
  • Effect of the Use on the Potential Market

While fair use can apply under these very specific circumstances, it's always best to seek permission to reuse materials to be absolutely certain that you are on the right side of copyright law. Wondering where your manuscript stands?

Image of a woman looking at books and typing on her computer

When To Look At Formal Book Permissions


The waters of fair use can be quite murky and you may find yourself looking at more protective options. As one of the key components of drafting any content for publication, knowing if what you have used in your content falls under fair use or perhaps needs more formal permissions is a critical step. We're here to help you navigate all of the ins and outs of this process, from formally reviewing what you have created, to creating the necessary plans to make sure that you can publish your content with confidence. Fair use is what we call an affirmative defense against a claim of copyright infringement. It permits usage of a copyrighted work for purposes such as criticism, commentary, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research. When you aren't sure where your content falls, we are here to answer your questions and guide you!

Understanding Fair Use


There are many considerations when it comes to using someone else's content in your work, and no two situations are the same! If this isn't your first time obtaining a fair use analysis, here is a quick breakdown of some of the steps we might take while working with you on your Fair Use Content Review.

First, we need to know what we're working with. We'll have you send us your manuscript to review, then will schedule a time to share our findings with you. We'll work with you to determine any instances where fair use may apply, as well as where other specific permissions or licensing might be necessary. This may involve written content, video, or images.

Fair Use Analysis

book icon

Education

light bulb icon

We are pretty big on education (make sure to check out our upcoming courses!) During the process of our fair use analysis, we provide you with detailed information and materials that help you better understand fair use and if it might apply to you (let's be honest, you'll learn more about fair use than you ever hoped or wanted to!) Our goal is to help guide your decision making going forward, and also support your knowledge for future publications as well!

Permissions

thumbs up icon

Book and content permissions are sometimes required in situations where you might have thought fair use would apply. While that may have been preferable, we can help you navigate any official permissions that you need in a seamless way that will give you peace of mind when you do publish.

Mitigating Risk

shield icon

Understanding legal consequences isn't the most fun conversation, but it certainly is an important one. We work with our clients to understand the risks associated with utilizing third party content in your work so you can publish with confidence. Often this may mean obtaining permissions, but it could also be replacing the content with material that is in the public domain, or even modifying your content to proactively protect yourself from an infringement claim.

  • What types of content typically fall under fair use?

    Every situation is unique and therefore it can be extremely beneficial to have someone

    look at your work who is uniquely qualified to review your work for fair use. Broadly

    speaking, if your use of content created by someone else is used for educational

    purposes in the classroom, news reporting, research, criticism, or commentary, fair use

    can protect your use of the content. If you’re just not sure, Contact Us!

  • Can I use quotes from other books under fair use?

    An author has copyright protection from the moment they write their words down on

    paper, but there are certain times that using quotes from somone else’s book without

    permission is possible by reviewing the usage under the concept of fair use. Not sure if

    your use would be considered fair by a court? Contact Us!

  • Can I make a parody of a copyrighted work under fair use?

    Good question! There have been court cases (like this one) where a parody was

    considered fair use as it is a form of criticism. That said, you should always undergo a

    fair use analysis to determine whether your parody might be considered fair use.

  • Is it fair use to repost someone else’s content on social media?

    Using someone’s content on social media can be tricky. Generally, if you are re-posting

    content through an app’s “share” or “repost” feature, it’s probably ok as long as you are

    adding your own commentary or insights to the content. However, if you take a screen

    shot or otherwise copy and paste someone else’s work on your social media channels

    without permission, it could be considered a copyright infringement.

  • Does fair use apply internationally?

    The concept of fair use is specific to United States copyright law. That said, in Canada

    and the United Kingdom, a similar concept called “fair dealing” may be applicable. As

    different countries have different copyright laws, it is important to review your publication

    carefully and find out whether it is best to simply obtain permission for the usage.

    Contact Us if you have questions!

  • What are the legal risks of claiming fair use?

    Fair use is an affirmative defense against a claim of copyright infringement by the

    copyright owner. It is NOT a way to avoid permission, but rather a way to look at how

    the copyrighted content is being used in context in the new work. Ultimately, it is be up

    to a judge in federal court to determine whether a use is fair, so there is always a risk of

    being on the receiving end of a copyright infringement claim. That said, if you perform a

    thorough fair use analysis, you may be comfortable in making a claim of fair use. Want

    help in considering whether your use is fair or if you need permission? Contact Us for a

    fair use content review!

  • Does fair use cover AI-generated content?

    The use of generative AI in publications is still being sorted out by publishers and

    content creators worldwide. In the United States, the U.S. Copyright Office has stated

    that AI-generated content cannot be granted copyright protections. Therefore, AI-

    generated content is not protected by copyright at all.

  • How much of a song, video, or poem can I use under fair use?

    In the United States, there are no bright line rules when it comes to how much of a song

    or poem you can use without asking permission. Generally, songs and poems are

    weighted more heavily against a ruling of fair use, which means that usage is more

    likely to be considered an infringement than fair use if you use a portion of these types

    of works in your work without obtaining proper permission.

  • Is it fair use to include images from other sources in my book?

    Art, photographs, and images of all types are generally weighted more heavily against a

    ruling of fair use because they are highly creative works that cannot be easily replicated by another person. Remember that just because an image is found online doesn’t mean that it is “free” to use. If you need help finding the copyright owner of an image or

    photograph, contact us for a permissions project review!

Questions about Fair Use? We have the Answers.


Check out the latest news in publishing rights on the Know Your Rights Blog


Click to read blog post: How I found fair use in an art gallery
By Mary Jo Courchesne March 24, 2025
Because I’ve been in publishing rights for so long, it’s really hard for me to turn my brain off and NOT see things related to copyright, licensing, or permissions.
Click to read blog post: Just what is fair use?
By Mary Jo Courchesne February 13, 2025
Sometimes, when you’re writing a book, you find just the right quote, passage, or photo that you want to use that will bring that something special to your work that you felt you were missing.
image of a stamp - click to read blog post about publish domain
By Mary Jo Courchesne January 25, 2025
Just because something is in the public domain does not mean that you can use it freely everywhere in the world or for anything you want!
Show More